KVV E-Modules

Which brain pathway is central to addiction due to its role in dopamine release?

A: Corticospinal pathway B: Spinothalamic tract C: Mesolimbic dopamine pathway D: Reticulospinal pathway

Which neurotransmitter plays a key role in the brain reward pathway involved in addiction?

A: Dopamine B: Acetylcholine C: Norepinephrine D: Histamine

Tolerance to a drug is best described as:

A: Increased effectiveness of a drug over time B: Reduced effectiveness requiring higher doses for the same effect C: Withdrawal symptoms when drug use is stopped D: Psychological craving only

Pharmacokinetic tolerance is caused by:

A: Receptor desensitization B: Enzyme induction or inhibition affecting drug metabolism C: Increased receptor sensitivity D: Genetic mutations

Which of these drugs commonly cause enzyme induction leading to pharmacokinetic tolerance?

A: Barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin B: Benzodiazepines, opioids C: Cocaine, amphetamines D: Antidepressants

Physical dependence on a drug is characterized by:

A: Intense physical symptoms upon withdrawal B: Psychological craving only C: Occasional use without symptoms D: Increased tolerance but no withdrawal symptoms

Neuroadaptation in opioid dependence involves:

A: Increased dopamine release during withdrawal B: Receptor internalization and desensitization C: Increased postsynaptic receptor activation D: Decreased GABA release during withdrawal

Chronic alcohol use affects neurotransmitter systems by:

A: Enhancing NMDA receptor activity B: Downregulating GABA-A receptors and upregulating NMDA receptors C: Suppressing glutamate receptors permanently D: Increasing serotonin receptor sensitivity

Psychological dependence on a drug refers to:

A: Adaptive body state with physical symptoms on withdrawal B: Receptor desensitization C: Satisfaction and psychic drive requiring continued drug use D: Complete absence of withdrawal symptoms